Webpages with more general information

[ Start ] [ Contents ] [ Photos ] [ Environment ] [ Agriculture ] [ Management ] [ Farmers Life ] [ Conclusions ] [ Links ] [ Discussion ] 

Webpages with more detailed information.

Discussion Development

Thesis, CO2 adsorption/emissions
Yields
Kualitas Lahan
Land Qualities
Land Classes and Areas

Environmental Impacts

Impact, including CO2 emission
Problems, including CH4 emissions
Forest Fires
Landsat TM

Management inputs

Water Management System
Macro Design
Micro Design
Water Control
Model Areas
Institutions
Information System

 Table of Contents

• Swamps Home page; Peat soils and acid sulphate soils
• Scheme Photos, Land Use, Community development, Infrastructure and What to improve?
  • Farmers Life. Fotocollage of the Farmer
• Conclusions; Summary and Recommendations
• Potentials: Policies and Discussion, FAQ's, Why Swamps?,  The present stand of the World Bank in the discussion.
  • Land qualities, Hydrology, Drainability and Soil Types
  • Areas: Gross areas and Map of the swamp area of Indonesia,.
  • Yields: Rice Yields vary with physical conditions; Optimum yields; Factors influencing the yields. Potentials for fisheries.
  • Thesis: High rice yields related to high percolation rates. Hazard of Deep drop of groundwater table. Need for mechanization  Subsidence problems in Peat soils Negative Hydrological Effects in Peat Domes.

   

• Environment: Primary Swamp Forest; Melaleuca Bush Swamp Forest; and Marshes.
  • Problems: Acid canal water; Toxicity in soils; Abandoned areas in acid sulphate soils and shallow peat soils; Melaleuca and Albizia plantations, Abandoned areas with peat soils; Severely degraded Swamp Forest. Ramin trees , Hydrophobic Peat and Not Drainable Peat.
  • Impact: Effect on Climate; River flooding; Sponge working; Peat Domes, River borders; Exposure pyrite; Fisheries and water-bird life  The destruction of the forest in South Sumatra province
  • Forest Fires: Land Clearing activities, Wild Fires in Peat soil, Fires in Bush land and Marshes; What to do?
    • Landsat TM. Thumbnail images of Landsat TM of the Berbak National Park (Jambi)

• Management: Main problems in water management; Water supply and drainage system; Soil/water management. Institutions.
  • System: Water supply system; Pump Irrigation; Drainage system; ; Percolation method;  Water control. and  Proposed improvements, Soil Surveys and Designs
    • Design of Maco system, Design Options based on Hydrological and Soil characteristics
    • Design of Micro system, subsurface drainage.
  • Operation: Puddling; Sun-drying; Leaching/percolation; Water levels not more than 30 cm below surface during growth period; Ripe soils; Groundwater drop below 60 cm during dry season; Groundwater drop in dry season and acid sulphate soils, Flushing and avoiding slackwater conditions.
    • Model Areas, Toxicity problems, Operation of control structures
    • Information. GIS and Remote sensing, Key indicators for Monitoring.

• Agriculture , Effects of lack of labor, Importance of mechanization in Tidal Swamps. Why high yields and other areas still low yields?
• Institutions, Problems are related to lack of understanding to apply proper soil and water management and lack of Operation & Maintenance budget and facilities.

Recently two Schemes were visited Karang Agung II  and Telang I, both in South Sumatra province. Photo's with comments can be viewed at separate Web locations.

Want to see a  A PowerPoint presentation concerning a pilot area in South Sumatra province? Click on  the hyperlink and you can see the slides. There is also an Indonesian Version. About Ombrogenous Peat Soils see my note on this website. (pdf file)

Author: Adriaan van den Eelaart 

(with thanks to Arnoud Haag for comments and making the drawings on webpages Design Macro-Micro)

 

Address:     Verl.Prumelaan 85

                    Arnhem 6824JW

                    the Netherlands

E-mail:  advd@eelaart.com

Literature:

1. E.Eko Ananto, Sutrisno, Astanto, Soentoro, 2000. Pengembangan Alat dan Mesin Pertanian. Menunjang Sistem Usahatani dan Perbaikan Pascapanen di Lahan Pasang Surut, Sumatera Selatan. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. Departemen Pertanian. (Introduction of Mechanization for the improvement of the Farming System and the Post-Harvest Management in the Tidal Swamps of South Sumatra province)
2. Braams. B.W. en J.Butijn. Drainage in de fruitteelt. Meded.Dir.v.d.Tuinbouw 21(1958) 763-770. (Drainage of the Fruit Tree Orchards. Includes a description of using wood twig sub-surface drainage in acid sulphate soils and other soft, poorly drained soils)
3. Bronswijk, J, Groenenberg, J, 1992. A simulation model for acid sulphate soils. Basic Principles.In: Selected papers of the Ho Chi Minh City Symposium on Acid Sulphate Soils, Vietnam, March 1992. ILRI publ. 53. Wageningen.
4. Scheltema. W. 1969. Droog-Braak, Mol drainage, grondwaterstanden en opbrengsten. Stichting voor de ontwikkeling van Machinale Landbouw in Suriname. (Mechanized rice farming and the the very good effect of the dry season fallow on the yields. To improve soil drainage, trials with mole drainage were conducted which failed to be effective. An important conclusion was that the period suitable for installing the mole drainage was too short (too short dry season).
5. Cheng, Yun-sheng, 1984. Effects of drainage on the characteristics of paddy soils in China. (Nanjing). In: Organic Matter and Rice. IRRI. Manila.
6. Eelaart, van den A.L.J. and W. Boissevain, 1986. Evaluation and improvement of water management for potential acid sulphate soils in Tidal Lands of South Kalimantan. Symposium Lowland Development in Indonesia. Supporting Papers. Jakarta.
7. Eelaart, van den A.L.J.,1991. Potential, Phased Development and Water Management in Tidal Lands. Agricultural Research and Development in Tidal Swamps. SWAMPS II (IBRD)
8. Neue, H.U., P.Becker-Heidmann and H.W.Scharpenseel. 1989. Organic matter dynamics, soil properties and cultural practices in rice lands and their relationship to methane production. ISRIC Wageningen, Symposium on Soils and the Greenhouse effect. (copy available with me).
9. Kselik. R.A.L., 1990. Water Management on acid sulphate soils at Pulau Petak, South Kalimantan.Indonesia. Papers Workshop on acid sulphate soils in Humid Tropics, LAWOO, Bogor.
10. Muhrizal Sarwani, Mansur Lande and Wim Andriesse.1992. Farmer's experiences in using acid sulphate soils: Some examples from tidal swampland of southern Kalimantan, Indonesia, In: Selected papers of the Ho Chi Minh City Symposium on Acid Sulphate Soils, Vietnam, March 1992. ILRI publ. 53. Wageningen.
11. Vo-tong Xuan. 1992. Recent advances in integrated land uses on acid sulphate soils.In: Selected papers of the Ho Chi Minh City Symposium on Acid Sulphate Soils, Vietnam, March 1992. ILRI publ. 53. Wageningen.
12. To Phuc Tuong. 1992. An overview of water management of acid sulphate soils.In: Selected papers of the Ho Chi Minh City Symposium on Acid Sulphate Soils, Vietnam, March 1992. ILRI publ. 53. Wageningen.
13. To Phuc Tuong, Le Van Du and Nguyen Ngoc Luan. 1992. Effect of land preparation on leaching of an acid sulphate soil at Cu Chi, Vietnam. In: Selected papers of the Ho Chi Minh City Symposium on Acid Sulphate Soils, Vietnam, March 1992. ILRI publ. 53. Wageningen.
14. Hamming, A.F.J. and A.L.J.van den Eelaart. 1992. Soil permeability, interflow and actual acidity in acid sulphate soils.South Kalimantan. Indonesia. In: Selected papers of the Ho Chi Minh City Symposium on Acid Sulphate Soils, Vietnam, March 1992. ILRI publ. 53. Wageningen.
15. Suryadi,F.X. 1996. Soil and water management strategies for tidal lowlands in Indonesia. PhD Thesis TU and IHE Delft.242 p.p.Balkema Rotterdam
16. Husson, Olivier and Karel Hanhart, Mai Thanh Phung and Johan Bouma, 1998. Water management for rice cultivation on Acid Sulphate soils in the Plain of Reeds, Vietnam. PhD Thesis of Husson for the Agricultural University of Wageningen, the Netherlands.
17. Nana Sutrisna, Sudrajat AR, Kisriyanto, Aris, and IPG Widjaja-Adhi, 2000, Dinamika Kualitas Tanah dan Air dalam satuan sistem pengelolaan air di lahan bergambut dan Gambut dangkal FSTA Jangkang I. ISDP Symposium, West Kalimantan. (About soil and water quality changes after two years of water management trials in Model areas of West Kalimantan in peaty acid sulphate soils and shallow peat soils with pyritic subsoils).
18. Driessen P.M and M.Soepraptohardjo, 1974. Soils for Agricultural Expansion in Indonesia. Soil Research Institute, Bogor. Right click on: Part 1 or Part 2 and use: Save Target As to download each file that will only present the pages concerning peat soils.

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